Thailand & Cambodia Conflict - Part.1

Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have simmered for decades, often flaring up around disputed border zones near ancient temples like Preah Vihear and Ta Muen Thom. The most significant conflict in recent years occurred between 2008 and 2011, when military clashes led to casualties and the temporary evacuation of civilians. Though the International Court of Justice awarded Preah Vihear to Cambodia in 1962, disputes over the surrounding land continued to trigger diplomatic and military standoffs. While relations cooled in the years that followed, the border remained heavily militarized, and nationalism in both countries kept the issue sensitive and unresolved.
In mid-July 2025, fighting erupted again near the Ta Muen Thom temple. Cambodian artillery reportedly struck Thai civilian areas, including hospitals and fuel stations, prompting Thailand to launch retaliatory F-16 airstrikes on Cambodian military positions. The violence has so far resulted in at least 12 deaths on the Thai side, widespread civilian evacuations (over 40,000 people), and a complete shutdown of land border crossings. Both countries have expelled each other's ambassadors, and the diplomatic relationship is at its lowest point in years. The conflict is unfolding amid political instability in Thailand, where the acting prime minister faces growing pressure at home.
As of late July 2025, the situation remains volatile with no formal ceasefire in place. Cambodia has requested an urgent United Nations Security Council meeting, while Thailand has insisted that hostilities must stop before any negotiations can proceed. Both militaries remain on high alert along the border. Despite international calls for de-escalation, including from ASEAN and the UN, direct bilateral talks have yet to yield a breakthrough. The next week will be critical: either diplomatic momentum builds toward a ceasefire, or the conflict risks dragging on and escalating further into a regional or political crisis.